Selected anniversaries/۲۸ مرداد

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  King Edward IV of England
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  King Henry VI of England
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  William Penn
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  Władysław II Jagiełło
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  Frances Perkins
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  Robert Mugabe
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  Forth Bridge
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  Engelbert Dollfuss
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  John Flamsteed
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  Statuo Albertino

Ineligible

Blurb	Reason
1789 – As per the Constitution, the U.S. Congress officially replaced the Congress of the Confederation as the legislative body of the federal government.	refimprove section
1814 – War of 1812: An American raiding party defeated an attempt by British regulars, volunteers from the Canadian militia and Native Americans to intercept them near present-day Wardville, Ontario.	citations needed
1877 – Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake debuted at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.	refimprove section
1933 – All three presidents of the Austrian National Council resigned, and Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss later used that pretext to create an authoritarian government.	citations needed
1982 – Bertha Wilson became the first female Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.	refimprove section

Eligible

• 306 – Roman Herculian guard Adrian of Nicomedia, who had converted to Christianity after being impressed with the faith of Christians that he had been torturing, was martyred.
• 852 – Trpimir I, the founder of the Trpimirović dynasty of Croatia, issued a document that contains the first known use of the name Croats.
• 1461 – Wars of the Roses: Henry VI, the Lancastrian king of England, was deposed by his Yorkist cousin, who succeeded him as Edward IV.
• 1675 – John Flamsteed (pictured) was appointed the first Astronomer Royal by King Charles II of England.
• 1681 – King Charles II of England granted Quaker William Penn a charter for the Pennsylvania Colony.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Using artillery transported from Ticonderoga, the Continental Army occupied Dorchester Heights, forcing the British to abandon Boston two weeks later.
• 1804 – Irish convicts formerly involved at the Battle of Vinegar Hill during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 began an uprising against British colonial authorities in New South Wales, Australia.
• 1824 – The Royal National Lifeboat Institution, a charity that saves lives at sea around the coasts of the British Isles, was founded as the National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck by author and philanthropist William Hillary.
• 1837 – Chicago was incorporated as a city.
• 1848 – King Charles Albert of Sardinia signs the Statuto Albertino, which would later serve as the constitution for the Kingdom of Italy.
• 1890 – The Forth Bridge, a railway bridge connecting Edinburgh to Fife over the Firth of Forth, opened, eventually becoming an internationally recognised Scottish landmark.
• 1918 – The United States Navy suffered its largest non-combat loss of life when the collier set sail from Barbados to Baltimore and was never seen again, presumably disappearing in the Bermuda Triangle.
• 1933 – Frances Perkins was appointed United States Secretary of Labor, making her the first female member of the Cabinet.
• 1941 – Second World War: British Commandos successfully executed a raid on the Lofoten Islands in German-occupied Norway.
• 1943 – The Holocaust: Almost all Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Western Thrace were deported to Treblinka extermination camp to be killed.
• 1944 – Murder, Inc. leader Lepke Buchalter was executed, becoming the only American mob boss to receive the death penalty after being convicted of murder.
• 1966 – During an interview, John Lennon of the Beatles argued that the band had become "more popular than Jesus".
• 1979 – The space probe Voyager 1 discovered the rings of Jupiter, the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System, after those of Saturn and Uranus.
• 1987 – U.S. president Ronald Reagan made a nationally televised address in which he accepted full responsibility for illegal actions in the Iran–Contra affair.
• 1990 – College basketball player Hank Gathers died after collapsing during a West Coast Conference tournament semifinal game in Los Angeles.
• 2000 - Playstation 2 was released in Japan.
• 2007 – Fourteen-year-old English schoolgirl Charlotte Shaw drowned on Dartmoor, becoming the first person to die in connection with the annual Ten Tors challenge.
• 2009 – President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan was indicted by the International Criminal Court on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during the War in Darfur.
• 2012 – A series of blasts occurred at an arms dump in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, killing at least 300 people and injuring 2,500 others.
• Born/died: | Stephen III of Hungary |d|1172| Hans von Aachen |d|1615| Jack Sheppard |b|1702| John Rolph |b|1793| Mariano Moreno |d|1811| Edwards Pierrepont |b|1817| Paul Lacôme |b|1838| Robert Emden |b|1862| Ernest Titterton |b|1916| Jane Fawcett |b|1921| Miriam Makeba |b|1932| Izaak Kolthoff |d|1993| Bobbi Kristina Brown |b|1993| Niko Omilana |b|1998

March 4: Feast day of Saint Casimir (Catholicism), Mardi Gras / Shrove Tuesday (2025)

Władysław II Jagiełło

• 1386 – Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło (pictured), beginning the Jagiellonian dynasty.
• 1773 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart departed Italy after the last of his three journeys there.
• 1899 – Cyclone Mahina struck Bathurst Bay, Queensland, killing more than 300 people in one of the deadliest natural disasters in Australian history.
• 1918 – A case of influenza was recorded at Camp Funston, Kansas, conventionally marking the beginning of the Spanish flu pandemic.
• 2017 – Construction began on a 69-metre (226 ft) statue of the Buddha at Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen in Bangkok.

• Hindal Mirza (b. 1519)
• Rosalind Pitt-Rivers (b. 1907)
• Harold Barrowclough (d. 1972)
• Gary Gygax (d. 2008)

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